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一、qsf文件概述
qsf：Quartus Setting File，是Quartus工程的配置文件；
包含一个Quartus工程的所有约束，包括工程的软件版本信息、FPGA器件信息、引脚约分配、引脚电平分配，编译约束和用于Classic TimingAnalyzer的时序约束；
二、文件配置格式
2.1 set_global_assignment--配置属性格式
语法：set_global_assignment
set_global_assignment [-h | -help] [-long_help] [-comment <comment> ] [-disable] [-entity <entity_name> ] -name <name> [-remove] [-section_id <section id> ] [ <value> ]
note：这里，[]内的内容是可选的，被<>扩起来的就是必须填写的参数
新建空的工程时，Quartus软件根据配置自动生成的qsf文件有如下内容：
set_global_assignment -name FAMILY "Cyclone V"
set_global_assignment -name DEVICE 5CGXBC3B6U19C7
set_global_assignment -name TOP_LEVEL_ENTITY quartus_prj_demo
set_global_assignment -name ORIGINAL_QUARTUS_VERSION 18.1.0
set_global_assignment -name PROJECT_CREATION_TIME_DATE "21:43:09 FEBRUARY 07, 2024"
set_global_assignment -name LAST_QUARTUS_VERSION "18.1.0 Standard Edition"
set_global_assignment -name PROJECT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY output_files
set_global_assignment -name MIN_CORE_JUNCTION_TEMP 0
set_global_assignment -name MAX_CORE_JUNCTION_TEMP 85
set_global_assignment -name ERROR_CHECK_FREQUENCY_DIVISOR 256
set_global_assignment -name EDA_SIMULATION_TOOL "ModelSim (Verilog)"
set_global_assignment -name EDA_TIME_SCALE "1 ps" -section_id eda_simulation
set_global_assignment -name EDA_OUTPUT_DATA_FORMAT "VERILOG HDL" -section_id eda_simulation
只需看懂意思即可：由上图可以知道
- FPA器件的系列与具体型号：FAMILY与DEVICE
- 顶层实体名称：TOP_LEVEL_ENTITY
- Quartus软件版本：创建工程时的Quartus版本与最终打开的Quartus版本：ORIGINAL_QUARTUS_VERSION 和LAST_QUARTUS_VERSION
- 创建工程的时间：PROJECT_CREATION_TIME_DATE
- 工程输出路径：PROJECT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
- 最小与最大核心半导体核心节点温度：MIN_CORE_JUNCTION_TEMP与MAX_CORE_JUNCTION_TEMP
- EDA仿真软件：EDA_SIMULATION_TOOL
- EDA仿真时间单位：EDA_TIME_SCALE
- EDA输出数据格式：EDA_OUTPUT_DATA_FORMAT
- CRC校验时钟频率：ERROR_CHECK_FREQUENCY_DIVISOR
Specifies the divide value of the internal clock, which determines the frequency of the CRC. The divide value must be a power of two（分频值为2的幂次）. Refer to the device handbook to find the frequency of the internal clock for the selected device.
其他部分有：
set_global_assignment -name PRESERVE_UNUSED_XCVR_CHANNEL ON
set_global_assignment -name MESSAGE_DISABLE 332157
set_global_assignment -name MESSAGE_DISABLE 113015
set_global_assignment -name POWER_PRESET_COOLING_SOLUTION "23 MM HEAT SINK WITH 200 LFPM AIRFLOW"
set_global_assignment -name POWER_BOARD_THERMAL_MODEL "NONE (CONSERVATIVE)"
set_global_assignment -name ENABLE_SIGNALTAP ONset_global_assignment -name PROJECT_IP_REGENERATION_POLICY NEVER_REGENERATE_IP
set_global_assignment -name USE_SIGNALTAP_FILE output_files/stp1.stpset_global_assignment -name SIGNALTAP_FILE output_files/stp1.stp
set_global_assignment -name QSYS_FILE ../rtl/aux_mux.qsys
set_global_assignment -name IP_FILE ../rtl/ip/aux_mux_vid_clk.ip
set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../rtl/temp_sensor.v
set_global_assignment -name MIF_FILE pll.mif
set_global_assignment -name SDC_FILE ../rtl/user_constr.sdc
set_global_assignment -name SYSTEMVERILOG_FILE ../rtl/xcvr_reconfig_arbiter.sv
set_global_assignment -name TCL_SCRIPT_FILE ../tcl/Pin_Location.tcl
2.2 set_location_assignment--配置管脚格式
语法：set_location_assignment
set_location_assignment [-h | -help] [-long_help] [-comment <comment> ] [-disable] [-fall] [-remove] [-rise] [-tag <data> ] -to <destination> [ <value> ]
qsf文件中的引脚分配举例：
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to global_resetn
set_location_assignment PIN_AB2 -to hdmi_rx[0]set_location_assignment PIN_AB3 -to "hdmi_rx[0](n)"
注释：
- 普通的引脚分配，设置一个全局reset引脚，低电平有效
- hdmi_rx[0]与hdmi_rx[0](n)分别是一对hdmi差分对接收端的p网络和n网络
- 有空格或者或者括号(n)这种网络，需要加双引号
2.3 set_instance_assignment
语法：set_instance_assignment
set_instance_assignment [-h | -help] [-long_help] [-comment <comment> ] [-disable] [-entity <entity_name> ] [-fall] [-from <source> ] -name <name> [-remove] [-rise] [-section_id <section id> ] [-tag <data> ] [-to <destination> ] [ <value> ]
qsf文件中的实例分配举例：
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD LVDS -to refclk_135m_p
或者：
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD LVDS -to refclk_100m_p -entity top_instance
注释：
- 设置差分时钟P网络为LVDS电平标准
- Quartus中指定差分网路电平标准时，只需要指明P网络的电平标准即可，N网络默认同P网络的电平标准
- 这里还给差分时钟网络refclk_100m_p指定了顶层模块名
三、应用场景
3.1 普通IO引脚
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to led_0
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "1.8 V" -to led_0
3.2 低速IO引脚
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to hdmi_scl
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "1.8 V" -to hdmi_scl
set_instance_assignment -name SLEW_RATE 0 -to hdmi_scl -entity top_instance
set_instance_assignment -name CURRENT_STRENGTH_NEW 2MA -to hdmi_scl -entity top_instance
3.3 差分时钟约束
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to refclk_100m_p
set_location_assignment PIN_AB2 -to "refclk_100m_p(n)"
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD LVDS -to refclk_100m_p
或者：
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD LVDS -to refclk_100m_p -entity top_instance
偶尔也有：
set_instance_assignment -name INPUT_TERMINATION DIFFERENTIAL -to refclk_100m_p
3.4 高速差分对tx
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to hdmi_tx[0]
set_location_assignment PIN_AB2 -to "hdmi_tx[0](n)"
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "HIGH SPEED DIFFERENTIAL I/O" -to hdmi_tx[0] -entity top_instance
3.5 高速差分对rx
set_location_assignment PIN_AB0 -to dp_rx_p[0]
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to dp_rx_p[0]
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_VCCR_VCCT_VOLTAGE 1_0V -to dp_rx_p[0]
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "HIGH SPEED DIFFERENTIAL I/O" -to dp_rx_p[0]
如下这种只有P脚，没有N脚的差分对还没看懂，待后续分析：
set_location_assignment PIN_AB1 -to hdmi_rx_p
set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "HIGH SPEED DIFFERENTIAL I/O" -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_VCCR_VCCT_VOLTAGE 1_0V -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_A10_RX_EQ_DC_GAIN_TRIM NO_DC_GAIN -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_A10_RX_ONE_STAGE_ENABLE NON_S1_MODE -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_A10_RX_ADP_VGA_SEL RADP_VGA_SEL_4 -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
set_instance_assignment -name XCVR_A10_RX_LINK SR -to hdmi_rx_p -entity top_instance -disable
四、Quartus导入导出qsf文件
4.1 导入qsf文件方法
Assignments 》 Import Assignments，单击添加qsf文件（该qsf文件可以是其他工程里面的），再OK即可。
4.2 导出qsf文件方法
Assignments 》 Export Assignments，无特别要求，默认即可。
