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1、什么是高阶函数？

高阶函数是指将函数作为参数传入。就是高阶函数

2、高阶函数有哪些？

map 映射函数

>>> print(list(map(lambda x:x*x,range(1,11))))
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
>>> print(list(map(lambda x:str(x),[1,2,3,4,5])))
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
>>>

filter 过滤函数

>>> print(list(filter(lambda x:x%3==0,range(1,101))))
[3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99]
>>> print(list(filter(lambda x:x %2 == 0,range(1,11))))
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
>>> print(list(filter(lambda x:x%2,range(1,11))))
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> 

reduce 函数累积求值（需要导入from functools import reduce）

>>> n = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> print(reduce(lambda n,y:n*y,n))
5040

sorted 排序函数

>>> list1=[7, -8, 5, 4, 0, -2, -5]
>>> print(sorted(list1,key=lambda x:max(list1)-x+1 if x <=0 else x))
[4, 5, 7, 0, -2, -5, -8]
>>> print(list(sorted(list1,key=lambda x:(x<=0,abs(x)))))
[4, 5, 7, 0, -2, -5, -8]
>>> 
>>> list1 = ['bob','about','Zoo','Credit']
>>> print(sorted(list1,key=lambda x:x.lower()))
['about', 'bob', 'Credit', 'Zoo']