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前言

Quartz是一个完全由java编写的开源作业调度框架、它的简单易用受到业内人士的一致好评。本篇记录怎么用SpringBoot使用Quartz

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一、异步方法调用

由于多个任务同时执行时，默认为单线程，所以我们用异步方法调用，使其成为多线程执行

看一个案例

1、导入依赖

 <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>

2、创建异步执行任务线程池

这里我们使用springboot自带的线程池

package com.lzl.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;@Configuration
public class AsyncExcutorPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {@Bean("asyncExecutor")@Overridepublic Executor getAsyncExecutor() {//Spring自带的线程池（最常用）ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();//线程：IO密集型 和 CPU密集型//线程设置参数taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);//核心线程数，根据电脑的核数taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(16);//最大线程数一般为核心线程数的2倍taskExecutor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);//任务执行完成后关闭return taskExecutor;}
}

注意注解不要少

3、创建业务层接口和实现类

package com.lzl.Service;/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 09:42*/public interface AsyncService {void testAsync1();void testAsync2();
}

package com.lzl.Service.impl;import com.lzl.Service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 09:43*/
@Service
public class AsyncImpl implements AsyncService {@Async@Overridepublic void testAsync1() {try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("精准是唯一重要的标准！");}@Async("asyncExecutor")//开启异步执行@Overridepublic void testAsync2() {try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("效率是成功的核心关键！");}
}

4、创建业务层接口和实现类

package com.lzl.task;import com.lzl.Service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 09:40*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginController {@Autowiredprivate AsyncService service;@RequestMapping("/Async1")public String testAsync1(){service.testAsync1();return "牛逼！";}@RequestMapping("/Async2")public String testAsync2(){service.testAsync2();return "不牛逼！";}
}

在启动类开启异步

整体目录结构如下：

测试：
运行项目，访问controller

访问controller时，页面直接出现返回值，控制台过了两秒打印文字，证明异步执行成功！

二、测试定时任务

1.导入依赖

		<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>

2.编写测试类，开启扫描定时任务

package com.lzl.task;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import java.util.Date;/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 10:42*/
//任务类
@Configuration
public class Tasks {@Async@Scheduled(cron = "*/2 * * * * ?")public void task1(){System.out.println("效率"+new Date().toLocaleString());}@Async@Scheduled(cron = "*/1 * * * * ?")public void task2(){System.out.println("精准"+new Date().toLocaleString());}
}

3.测试

三、实现定时发送邮件案例

这里以QQ邮箱为例，这个功能类似于通过邮箱找回密码类似，需要我们进行授权码操作

1.邮箱开启IMAP服务

登陆QQ邮箱，找到帐户，下拉

看到如下图：

我这里已经开启了，按照步骤操作，会有一个授权码，保存好下边步骤要用，此处不再演示

2.导入依赖

		<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- 邮箱 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>

3.导入EmailUtil

package com.lzl.utils;import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Random;
/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 11:44*/public class EmailUtil {private static final String USER = "@qq.com"; // 发件人邮箱地址private static final String PASSWORD = ""; // qq邮箱的客户端授权码（需要发短信获取）/*** @param to    收件人邮箱地址* @param text  邮件正文* @param title 标题*//* 发送验证信息的邮件 */public static boolean sendMail(String to, String text, String title) {try {final Properties props = new Properties();props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com");// 发件人的账号props.put("mail.user", USER);//发件人的密码props.put("mail.password", PASSWORD);// 构建授权信息，用于进行SMTP进行身份验证Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {@Overrideprotected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {// 用户名、密码String userName = props.getProperty("mail.user");String password = props.getProperty("mail.password");return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);}};// 使用环境属性和授权信息，创建邮件会话Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, authenticator);// 创建邮件消息MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);// 设置发件人String username = props.getProperty("mail.user");InternetAddress form = new InternetAddress(username);message.setFrom(form);// 设置收件人InternetAddress toAddress = new InternetAddress(to);message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddress);// 设置邮件标题message.setSubject(title);// 设置邮件的内容体message.setContent(text, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 发送邮件Transport.send(message);return true;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return false;}//随机生成num个数字验证码public static String getValidateCode(int num) {Random random = new Random();String validateCode = "";for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {//0 - 9 之间 随机生成 num 次int result = random.nextInt(10);validateCode += result;}return validateCode;}//测试public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//给指定邮箱发送邮件EmailUtil.sendMail("729953102@qq.com", "你好，这是一封测试邮件，无需回复。", "测试邮件随机生成的验证码是：" + getValidateCode(6));System.out.println("发送成功");}
}

4.编写邮件发送方法

package com.lzl.task;import com.lzl.utils.EmailUtil;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;/*** --效率，是成功的核心关键--** @Author lzl* @Date 2023/3/7 11:45*/
@Configuration
public class TaskEmail {//指定时间进行发送邮件@Scheduled(cron = "10 49 11 * * ?")public void sendMail(){EmailUtil.sendMail("自己的邮箱@qq.com", "效率，是成功的核心关键！", "测试邮件随机生成的验证码是：" + EmailUtil.getValidateCode(6));}
}

5.开启异步和定时任务

package com.lzl;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync//开启异步
@EnableScheduling//开启定时任务
public class QuartzStudyApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(QuartzStudyApplication.class, args);}}

测试：
此处不再演示

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总结

定时任务在很多业务场景中经常会用到，好记性不如烂笔头，本篇只是简单的记录一下