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在Spring Boot中，我们可以使用注解的方式来进行XSS防御。注解是一种轻量级的防御手段，它可以在方法或字段级别对输入进行校验，从而防止XSS攻击。

而想对全局的请求都进行XSS防御可以使用servlet中的过滤器或者spring mvc中的拦截器，这里使用servlet中的过滤器进行演示。

引入相关依赖

maven依赖：

<!--JSR-303/JSR-380用于验证的注解 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId><version>2.6.7</version>
</dependency>

如果是使用grade，引入依赖：

implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation:2.6.7'

修改配置文件

xss:enabled: trueexcludeUrlList:- /xss/local/test

定义配置文件对应的属性类

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import lombok.Data;import java.util.List;@Data
public class XssFilterProperties {/*** 是否启用XSS过滤。*/private boolean enabled = true;/*** 需要排除的URL模式，这些URL不会进行XSS过滤。*/private List<String> excludeUrlList;
}

注入XSS配置类

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConverters;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;@Data
@Configuration
public class XssFilterConfig {@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "xss")@Beanpublic XssFilterProperties xssFilterProperties() {return new XssFilterProperties();}/*** 注册XSS过滤器。** @return FilterRegistrationBean 用于注册过滤器的bean。*/@Beanpublic FilterRegistrationBean<XssFilter> xssFilterRegistration(XssFilterProperties xssFilterProperties) {FilterRegistrationBean<XssFilter> registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();// 设置过滤器的分发类型为请求类型registrationBean.setDispatcherTypes(DispatcherType.REQUEST);// 创建XssFilter的实例registrationBean.setFilter(new XssFilter(xssFilterProperties));// 添加过滤器需要拦截的URL模式，这里拦截所有请求registrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");// 设置过滤器的名称registrationBean.setName("XssFilter");// 设置过滤器的执行顺序，数值越小，优先级越高registrationBean.setOrder(9999);return registrationBean;}@Beanpublic HttpMessageConverters xssHttpMessageConverters() {XSSMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter xssMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter = new XSSMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();HttpMessageConverter converter = xssMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;return new HttpMessageConverters(converter);}}

XssFilter过滤器

XssFilter过滤器会将所有需要进行防御的请求包装为XssWrapper。

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;@Slf4j
public class XssFilter implements Filter {private final XssFilterProperties xssFilterProperties;public XssFilter(XssFilterProperties xssFilterProperties) {this.xssFilterProperties = xssFilterProperties;}/*** 执行过滤逻辑，如果当前请求不在排除列表中，则通过XSS过滤器包装请求。** @param request  HTTP请求对象。* @param response HTTP响应对象。* @param chain    过滤器链对象，用于继续或中断请求处理。* @throws IOException      如果处理过程中出现I/O错误。* @throws ServletException 如果处理过程中出现Servlet相关错误。*/@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;//如果该访问接口在排除列表里面则不拦截if (isExcludeUrl(req.getServletPath())) {chain.doFilter(request, response);return;}log.info("uri:{}", req.getRequestURI());// xss 过滤chain.doFilter(new XssWrapper(req), resp);}/*** 判断当前请求的URL是否应该被排除在XSS过滤之外。** @param urlPath 请求的URL路径。* @return 如果请求应该被排除，则返回true；否则返回false。*/private boolean isExcludeUrl(String urlPath) {if (!xssFilterProperties.isEnabled()) {//如果xss开关关闭了，则所有url都不拦截return true;}if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(xssFilterProperties.getExcludeUrlList())) {return false;}for (String pattern : xssFilterProperties.getExcludeUrlList()) {Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^" + pattern);Matcher m = p.matcher(urlPath);if (m.find()) {return true;}}return false;}
}

XssWrapper过滤get请求和请求头

XssWrapper会过滤get请求和请求头中的非法字符。

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;@Slf4j
public class XssWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {public XssWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {super(request);}/*** 对数组参数进行特殊字符过滤*/@Overridepublic String[] getParameterValues(String name) {String[] values = super.getParameterValues(name);if (values == null) {return null;}int count = values.length;String[] encodedValues = new String[count];for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {encodedValues[i] = XssUtil.clean(values[i]);}return encodedValues;}/*** 对参数中特殊字符进行过滤*/@Overridepublic String getParameter(String name) {String value = super.getParameter(name);if (StringUtils.isBlank(value)) {return value;}return XssUtil.clean(value);}/*** 获取attribute,特殊字符过滤*/@Overridepublic Object getAttribute(String name) {Object value = super.getAttribute(name);if (value instanceof String && StringUtils.isNotBlank((String) value)) {return XssUtil.clean((String) value);}return value;}/*** 对请求头部进行特殊字符过滤*/@Overridepublic String getHeader(String name) {String value = super.getHeader(name);if (StringUtils.isBlank(value)) {return value;}return XssUtil.clean(value);}
}

MessageConverter过滤post请求

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JavaType;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;/*** 在读取和写入JSON数据时特殊字符避免xss攻击的消息解析器**/
public class XSSMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter extends MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter {/*** 从HTTP输入消息中读取对象，同时应用XSS防护。* * @param type        类型令牌，表示要读取的对象类型。* @param contextClass    上下文类，提供类型解析的上下文信息。* @param inputMessage HTTP输入消息，包含要读取的JSON数据。* @return 从输入消息中解析出的对象，经过XSS防护处理。* @throws IOException 如果发生I/O错误。* @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException 如果消息无法读取。*/@Overridepublic Object read(Type type, Class contextClass,HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException {JavaType javaType = getJavaType(type, contextClass);Object obj = readJavaType(javaType, inputMessage);//得到请求jsonString json = super.getObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(obj);//过滤特殊字符String result = XssUtil.clean(json);Object resultObj = super.getObjectMapper().readValue(result, javaType);return resultObj;}/*** 从HTTP输入消息中读取指定Java类型的对象，内部使用。* * @param javaType    要读取的对象的Java类型。* @param inputMessage HTTP输入消息，包含要读取的JSON数据。* @return 从输入消息中解析出的对象。* @throws IOException 如果发生I/O错误。* @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException 如果消息无法读取。*/private Object readJavaType(JavaType javaType, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) {try {return super.getObjectMapper().readValue(inputMessage.getBody(), javaType);} catch (IOException ex) {throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("Could not read JSON: " + ex.getMessage(), ex);}}/*** 将对象写入HTTP输出消息，同时应用XSS防护。* * @param object 要写入的对象。* @param outputMessage HTTP输出消息，对象将被序列化为JSON并写入此消息。* @throws IOException 如果发生I/O错误。* @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException 如果消息无法写入。*/@Overrideprotected void writeInternal(Object object, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {//得到要输出的jsonString json = super.getObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(object);//过滤特殊字符String result = XssUtil.clean(json);// 输出outputMessage.getBody().write(result.getBytes());}
}

Xss过滤工具类

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.safety.Whitelist;/*** XSS过滤工具类，使用Jsoup库对输入的字符串进行XSS攻击防护*/
public class XssUtil {/*** 使用jsoup自带的relaxed白名单*/private static final Whitelist WHITE_LIST = Whitelist.relaxed();/*** 定义输出设置，关闭prettyPrint（prettyPrint=false），目的是避免在清理过程中对代码进行格式化* 从而保持输入和输出内容的一致性。*/private static final Document.OutputSettings OUTPUT_SETTINGS = new Document.OutputSettings().prettyPrint(false);/*初始化白名单策略，允许所有标签拥有style属性。这是因为在富文本编辑中，样式通常通过style属性来定义，需要确保这些样式能够被保留。*/static {// 富文本编辑时一些样式是使用 style 来进行实现的// 比如红色字体 style="color:red;"// 所以需要给所有标签添加 style 属性WHITE_LIST.addAttributes(":all", "style");}/*** 清理输入的字符串，移除潜在的XSS攻击代码。** @param content 待清理的字符串，通常是用户输入的HTML内容。* @return 清理后的字符串，保证不包含XSS攻击代码。*/public static String clean(String content) {// 使用定义好的白名单策略和输出设置清理输入的字符串return Jsoup.clean(content, "", WHITE_LIST, OUTPUT_SETTINGS);}
}

get请求测试

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** Xss2防御get请求*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/xss/global")
@Validated
public class XssGlobalGetController {/*** 使用注解拦截get请求中的xss，在方法参数前面加上@Xss，注意类上面要加上@Validated注解** @param userAccount 请求参数* @return 请求参数*/@GetMapping("/test")public String test(String userAccount) {return userAccount;}}

发送get请求：http://localhost:8888/xss/global/test?userAccount=demoData

返回结果：demoData

post请求测试

package com.morris.spring.boot.module.xss;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** Xss全局防御post请求*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/xss/global")
public class XssGlobalPostController {/*** 使用注解拦截POST请求中的xss，在实体类需要拦截xss的属性上面加上@Xss或者@Validated注解** @param userGlobalLoginPojo 实体类* @return 实体类*/@PostMapping("/test")public UserGlobalLoginPojo test(@RequestBody UserGlobalLoginPojo userGlobalLoginPojo) {return userGlobalLoginPojo;}}

发送post请求：http://localhost:8888/xss/global/test

请求体：

{"userAccount": "<iframe οnlοad='alert(0)'>demoData</iframe>"
}

返回结果：

{"userAccount": "demoData"
}