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1、创建一台同版本的ubuntu18.04的虚拟机
2、下载rk3288_ubuntu_18.04_armhf_ext4_v2.04_20201125-1538_DESKTOP.img
3、创建空img镜像容器

dd if=/dev/zero of=ubuntu_rootfs.img bs=1M count=10240

4、将该容器格式化成ext4文件系统

mkfs.ext4 ubuntu_rootfs.img

5、将该镜像文件挂载到一个rootfs文件夹上，然后将ubuntu_base_rootfs的文件复制到rootfs文件夹中

mkdir rootfs
sudo mount ubuntu_rootfs.img rootfs
mkdir ubuntu_base_rootfs
sudo mount rk3288_ubuntu_18.04_armhf_ext4_v2.04_20201125-1538_DESKTOP.img ubuntu_base_rootfs
sudo cp -rfp ubuntu_base_rootfs/* rootfs/

6、安装 qemu，对任何机器运行操作系统的全系统仿真。
qemu 是一个通用的、开源的机器仿真器和虚拟机，拷贝它是为了可以模拟 arm cpu 进行文件系统的配置。

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/

7、复制虚拟机的dns文件到rootfs系统内

echo 'nameserver 114.114.114.114' >> rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' >> rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'DNS=114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8' >> rootfs/etc/systemd/resolved.conf

8、挂载ubuntu-base
编写挂载脚本

#!/bin/bash
mnt() {echo "MOUNTING"sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}procsudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}syssudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}devsudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/ptssudo chroot ${2}
}
umnt() {echo "UNMOUNTING"sudo umount ${2}procsudo umount ${2}syssudo umount ${2}dev/ptssudo umount ${2}dev
}if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
thenmnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
thenumnt $1 $2
elseecho ""echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"echo ""echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"echo ""echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"echo ""echo 1st parameter : ${1}echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

9、增加脚本执行权限

sudo chmod +x mount.sh

10、运行脚本挂载根文件系统

bash mount.sh -m rootfs/

11、装软件

mkdir /tmp
chmod 777 /tmpapt update
apt install -y gcc-7
apt install -y build-essentialapt install -y gitapt install -y libgmp-dev libudev-dev
apt install -y libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev libhidapi-dev libhidapi-libusb0apt install -y qt5-default
apt install -y libqt5* qtmultimedia5-dev qtcreator qtconnectivity5-dev apt install -y mysql-client mysql-common mysql-serverln -s /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libMali.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libmali.so.1  

12、配置SSH允许root用户登录

echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
passwd root

13、设置NTP服务器

echo "NTP=ntp1.aliyun.com ntp.neu.edu.cn" >> /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

14、设置中文

 echo 'LANG="zh_CN.utf8"' > /etc/default/localeapt install -y language-pack-zh-hans

15、修改状态栏在底部，修改/usr/share/lxpanel/profile/Lubuntu/panels/panel，把edge=top改为

Global {edge=bottom

16、卸载镜像

bash mount.sh -u rootfs/

17、替换桌面背景和图标

 cp desktop_imgs/lubuntu-ff-logo.png rootfs/usr/share/lubuntu/images/lubuntu-ff-logo.pngcp desktop_imgs/firefly-default-wallpaper.png rootfs/usr/share/lubuntu/wallpapers/firefly-default-wallpaper.png

18、用e2fsck修复及检测镜像文件系统，resize2fs 减小镜像文件的大小

sudo umount rootfs

e2fsck -p -f ubuntu_rootfs.img
resize2fs -M ubuntu_rootfs.img