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基于@KafkaListener注解的kafka监听代码可以手动指定要消费的kafka集群，这对于需要访问多套kafka集群的程序来说，是有效的解决方案。这里需要注意的是，此时的消费者配置信息需使用原生kafka的配置信息格式（如：ConsumerConfig.MAX_POLL_RECORDS_CONFIG = “max.poll.records”），与自动装载KafkaConsumer时的配置信息格式不同。详情如下：

依赖项（其实spring-kafka包含了kafka-clients）

<!-- spring-kafka --> 
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId><artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId><version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- kafka-clients --> 
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId><artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId><version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>

配置文件
配置参数的格式和含义，参见《spring-kafka的配置使用》

生产代码

@Component
@Slf4j
public class KafKaProducer {@Autowiredprivate KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;public void sendMessage(String topic, Object object) {/** 这里的 ListenableFuture 类是 spring 对 java 原生 Future 的扩展增强,是一个泛型接口,用于监听异步方法的回调 而对于* kafka send 方法返回值而言，这里的泛型所代表的实际类型就是 SendResult<K, V>,而这里 K,V 的泛型实际上 被用于* ProducerRecord<K, V> producerRecord,即生产者发送消息的 key,value 类型*/ListenableFuture<SendResult<String, Object>> future = kafkaTemplate.send(topic, object);future.addCallback(new ListenableFutureCallback<SendResult<String, Object>>() {@Overridepublic void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {log.error("发送消息失败:" + throwable.getMessage());}@Overridepublic void onSuccess(SendResult<String, Object> sendResult){// log.info("发送消息成功:" + sendResult.toString());}});}
}

消费者配置类，其中可配置多个kafka集群，每个kafka集群生成一个KafkaListenerContainerFactory实例

@Data
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class KafkaConfig {@ResourceEnvironment environment;@Beanpublic KafkaListenerContainerFactory<?> containerFactory() {Integer concurrency = environment.getProperty("kafka.concurrency", Integer.class, 1);Integer pollTimeout = environment.getProperty("kafka.poll.timeout", Integer.class, 3000);ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> containerFactory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();containerFactory.setConsumerFactory(new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(this.consumerConfigs()));containerFactory.setConcurrency(concurrency); // 消费并发数量containerFactory.setBatchListener(true);      // 批量监听消息containerFactory.getContainerProperties().setAckMode(ContainerProperties.AckMode.BATCH); // 批量提交偏移containerFactory.getContainerProperties().setPollTimeout(pollTimeout); // 消息拉取时限return containerFactory;}@Beanpublic Map<String, Object> consumerConfigs() {String servers          = environment.getProperty("kafka.servers", "127.0.0.1:9092");String groupId          = environment.getProperty("kafka.groupId", "consumer-group");String sessionTimeout   = environment.getProperty("kafka.session.timeout.ms", "60000");String maxPollRecords   = environment.getProperty("kafka.max.poll.records", "100");String maxPollInterval  = environment.getProperty("kafka.max.poll.interval", "600000");String jaasConfig       = environment.getProperty("kafka.sasl.jaas.config");Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, servers);props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, groupId);props.put(ConsumerConfig.MAX_POLL_RECORDS_CONFIG, maxPollRecords);props.put(ConsumerConfig.MAX_POLL_INTERVAL_MS_CONFIG, maxPollInterval);props.put(ConsumerConfig.ENABLE_AUTO_COMMIT_CONFIG, false);/// props.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_COMMIT_INTERVAL_MS_CONFIG, "1000");props.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "latest");props.put(ConsumerConfig.SESSION_TIMEOUT_MS_CONFIG, sessionTimeout);props.put(ConsumerConfig.REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS_CONFIG, 180000);props.put("security.protocol", "SASL_PLAINTEXT");props.put("sasl.mechanism", "SCRAM-SHA-256");props.put("sasl.jaas.config", jaasConfig);return props;}
}

消费代码 @KafkaListener注解的containerFactory参数指定了KafkaListenerContainerFactory实例，也就指定了kafka集群

@Slf4j
@Component
public class KafkaConsumerListen implements BatchMessageListener<String, String> {@Autowiredprivate Environment environment;@Autowiredprivate KafkaMsgHandleService msgHandleService;@Autowiredprivate ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor;/*************************      接收消息************************/@Override@KafkaListener( containerFactory = "containerFactory", groupId = "${kafka.groupId}", topics = "#{'${kafka.topics}'.split(',')}", concurrency = "${kafka.concurrency}")public void onMessage(List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> records) {try {final List<String> msgs = records.stream().map(ConsumerRecord::value).collect(Collectors.toList());log.info("收到消息体：size={} content:{}", msgs.size(), JSON.toJSONString(msgs));/// 处理消息msgs.forEach(this::processRecord);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("KafkaListener_kafka_consume_error.", e);}}/*************************      处理消息************************/private void processRecord(String msg) {taskExecutor.submit(() -> {if (!environment.getProperty("kafka1.switch", Boolean.class,true)) {log.warn("KafkaListener_turn_off_drop_message.");return;}msgHandleService.handle(msg);});}
}