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描述

基于QT信号槽机制实现类之间的交互调用通信，适用于使用不同枚举作为消息交互的类型场景，支持附带任意参数，代码使用方式参考前一篇文章

特性

1. 代码简洁，不超过100行
2. 仅需包含一个头文件Communicator.h，需要通信的业务类继承Communicator，界面类继承VCommunicator或MVCommunicator
3. 消息通过枚举类型定义，支持任意枚举消息，添加枚举无需改动代码。枚举名称区分消息类型，枚举值区分具体消息
4. 使用便捷，只需注册消息和消息处理函数
5. 提供发送消息时，附带any传递任意额外信息
6. 支持多线程，同QT一致的信号槽触发方式，如需控制信号槽触发方式，需要额外补充代码

对比QT信号槽

1. 适用于使用不同枚举作为消息类型场景，支持附带任意参数
2. 使用同QT一样便捷，只需注册消息和消息回调函数。且如果使用QT的信号槽进行通信，不同的消息的类型则需要定义多个connect连接函数，如ELoginMsg、ERunMsg，多一种消息就要多一个connect

Communicator.h

#pragma once
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <functional>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <any>class MsgHandler {
public:using MsgID = size_t;using MsgHandleFunc = std::function<void(std::any)>;using MsgHandleFuncNoPara = std::function<void()>;template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>void HandleMsg(T msg, std::any info = std::any{}) {m_msgHandlers[HashID(msg)](info);}
protected:template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>MsgID HashID(T msg) {return std::hash<std::string>()(typeid(T).name()) ^ std::hash<size_t>()(static_cast<size_t>(msg));}template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>void RegisterMsgHandler(T msg, MsgHandleFuncNoPara func) {m_msgHandlers.insert({ HashID(msg),[=] (std::any) { func(); } });}template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>void RegisterMsgHandler(T msg, MsgHandleFunc func) {m_msgHandlers.insert({ HashID(msg), func });}template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>void RemoveMsgHandler(T msg) {if (auto findit = m_msgHandlers.find(msg); findit != m_msgHandlers.end()) {m_msgHandlers.erase(findit);}}
protected:std::unordered_map<MsgID, MsgHandleFunc> m_msgHandlers;
};#define DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(CommClassName, QtClassName)											\
class CommClassName : public QtClassName, public MsgHandler {										\Q_OBJECT																						\
public:																								\CommClassName(QtClassName* parent = nullptr) : QtClassName(parent) {							\qRegisterMetaType<MsgID>("MsgID");															\qRegisterMetaType<std::any>("std::any");													\}																								\Q_SIGNAL void SendMsg(MsgID, std::any);															\
public:																								\Q_SLOT void HandleHashMsg(MsgID msgID, std::any info = std::any{}) {							\if (bool findHandler = m_msgHandlers.find(msgID) != m_msgHandlers.end()) {					\m_msgHandlers[msgID](info);																\}																							\}																								\
public:																								\template<typename Receiver>																		\void Connect(Receiver* receiver) {																\connect(this, &CommClassName::SendMsg, receiver, &Receiver::HandleHashMsg);					\}																								\template<typename Receiver>																		\void Disconnect(Receiver* receiver) {															\disconnect(this, &CommClassName::SendMsg, receiver, &Receiver::HandleHashMsg);				\}																								\
protected:																							\template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>					\void Emit(T msg, std::any info = nullptr) {														\emit SendMsg(HashID(msg), info);															\}																								\
}				
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(Communicator, QObject);
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(ViewCommunicator, QWidget);
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(MViewCommunicator, QMainWindow);namespace InterConnection {
template<typename Communicator1, typename Communicator2>
void Connect(Communicator1* c1, Communicator2* c2)
{c1->Connect(c2);c2->Connect(c1);
}template<typename Communicator1, typename Communicator2>
void Disconnect(Communicator1* c1, Communicator2* c2)
{c1->Disconnect(c2);c2->Disconnect(c1);
}
}

补充

c++17才支持any，C++17之前的版本可以使用下面的any.h，判断版本大于c++17可以通过宏__cplusplus >= 201703L
any.h

#include <typeinfo>
#include <memory>
namespace std {
class any
{class AnyHelperBase{public:virtual const std::type_info& type()const = 0;virtual AnyHelperBase* clone()const = 0;};template<typename T>class AnyHelper :public AnyHelperBase{public:T data;template<typename ...Args>AnyHelper(Args&&... args) :data(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}AnyHelper(const AnyHelper& rhs) :data(rhs.data) {}AnyHelper(const T& value) :data(value) {}virtual const std::type_info& type() const{return typeid(T);}virtual AnyHelper* clone() const{return new AnyHelper(*this);}};template<typename T>friend T any_cast(const any& a);
private:std::unique_ptr<AnyHelperBase> pdata{};
public:any() :pdata(nullptr) {}template<typename T>any(T&& value) : pdata(new AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>(value)) {}any(const any& rhs) {if (rhs.pdata != nullptr) {pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());}}any(any& rhs) {if (rhs.pdata != nullptr) {pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());}}any(any&& rhs) :pdata(rhs.pdata.release()) {}const std::type_info& type() const{return pdata->type();}bool has_value() const {return pdata != nullptr;}void reset() {pdata.reset();}template<typename T>any& operator=(T value) {pdata.reset(new AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>(value));return *this;}any& operator=(any rhs){pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());return *this;}
};template<typename T>
T any_cast(const any& a)
{auto p = dynamic_cast<any::AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>*>(a.pdata.get());if (p == nullptr)throw std::runtime_error("Bad any cast!");return p->data;
}
}

由于现在大多软件都是基于QT进行开发，QT又有自己的事件循环机制，所以只能进行拓展通信方式，也可以自行实现事件循环，但是跟QT结合起来用就不太适宜了。