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文章目录

• • @[toc]
  • 学习目的
  • 开始学习
  • • dockerd
    • 启动 containerd
    • • 准备配置文件
      • 启动 containerd
    • 启动 docker
    • • 准备配置文件
      • 启动 docker
    • 环境验证
    • 停止 docker 和 containerd

学习目的

使用容器的方式做一些部署的交付，相对方便很多，不需要担心别人的环境缺少需要的依赖（比如 python 库，ansible 模块等），在 k8s 普及的情况下，也要想办法不污染本地的环境

开始学习

• 阿里云 docker-ce-linux-x86 二进制文件下载地址

dockerd

• dockerd 是管理容器的持久进程
• Docker 对守护程序和客户端使用不同的二进制文件
• dockerd 支持命令行，配置文件和环境变量的方式来配置启动参数
  • 命令行和配置文件选项优先于环境变量
  • 配置文件存在的参数不能和命令行的参数一样

• Linux 上允许的配置选项的完整示例，具体参数作用，可以看 dockerd 官方文档

{"allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],"api-cors-header": "","authorization-plugins": [],"bip": "","bridge": "","builder": {"gc": {"enabled": true,"defaultKeepStorage": "10GB","policy": [{ "keepStorage": "10GB", "filter": ["unused-for=2200h"] },{ "keepStorage": "50GB", "filter": ["unused-for=3300h"] },{ "keepStorage": "100GB", "all": true }]}},"cgroup-parent": "","containerd": "/run/containerd/containerd.sock","containerd-namespace": "docker","containerd-plugins-namespace": "docker-plugins","data-root": "","debug": true,"default-address-pools": [{"base": "172.30.0.0/16","size": 24},{"base": "172.31.0.0/16","size": 24}],"default-cgroupns-mode": "private","default-gateway": "","default-gateway-v6": "","default-network-opts": {},"default-runtime": "runc","default-shm-size": "64M","default-ulimits": {"nofile": {"Hard": 64000,"Name": "nofile","Soft": 64000}},"dns": [],"dns-opts": [],"dns-search": [],"exec-opts": [],"exec-root": "","experimental": false,"features": {"cdi": true,"containerd-snapshotter": true},"fixed-cidr": "","fixed-cidr-v6": "","group": "","host-gateway-ip": "","hosts": [],"proxies": {"http-proxy": "http://proxy.example.com:80","https-proxy": "https://proxy.example.com:443","no-proxy": "*.test.example.com,.example.org"},"icc": false,"init": false,"init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init","insecure-registries": [],"ip": "0.0.0.0","ip-forward": false,"ip-masq": false,"iptables": false,"ip6tables": false,"ipv6": false,"labels": [],"live-restore": true,"log-driver": "json-file","log-format": "text","log-level": "","log-opts": {"cache-disabled": "false","cache-max-file": "5","cache-max-size": "20m","cache-compress": "true","env": "os,customer","labels": "somelabel","max-file": "5","max-size": "10m"},"max-concurrent-downloads": 3,"max-concurrent-uploads": 5,"max-download-attempts": 5,"mtu": 0,"no-new-privileges": false,"node-generic-resources": ["NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1","NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"],"oom-score-adjust": 0,"pidfile": "","raw-logs": false,"registry-mirrors": [],"runtimes": {"cc-runtime": {"path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"},"custom": {"path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement","runtimeArgs": ["--debug"]}},"seccomp-profile": "","selinux-enabled": false,"shutdown-timeout": 15,"storage-driver": "","storage-opts": [],"swarm-default-advertise-addr": "","tls": true,"tlscacert": "","tlscert": "","tlskey": "","tlsverify": true,"userland-proxy": false,"userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy","userns-remap": ""
}

启动 containerd

这里用 docker 二进制文件里面的 containerd 命令启动

准备配置文件

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data"
state = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-state"
temp = ""
version = 2[cgroup]path = ""[debug]address = ""format = ""gid = 0level = ""uid = 0[grpc]address = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock"gid = 0max_recv_message_size = 16777216max_send_message_size = 16777216tcp_address = ""tcp_tls_ca = ""tcp_tls_cert = ""tcp_tls_key = ""uid = 0[metrics]address = ""grpc_histogram = false[plugins][plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]deletion_threshold = 0mutation_threshold = 100pause_threshold = 0.02schedule_delay = "0s"startup_delay = "100ms"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]device_ownership_from_security_context = falsedisable_apparmor = falsedisable_cgroup = falsedisable_hugetlb_controller = truedisable_proc_mount = falsedisable_tcp_service = truedrain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"enable_selinux = falseenable_tls_streaming = falseenable_unprivileged_icmp = falseenable_unprivileged_ports = falseignore_deprecation_warnings = []ignore_image_defined_volumes = falsemax_concurrent_downloads = 3max_container_log_line_size = 16384netns_mounts_under_state_dir = falserestrict_oom_score_adj = falsesandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"selinux_category_range = 1024stats_collect_period = 10stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"stream_server_port = "0"systemd_cgroup = falsetolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = trueunset_seccomp_profile = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]bin_dir = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin"conf_dir = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/cni"conf_template = ""ip_pref = ""max_conf_num = 1[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]default_runtime_name = "runc"disable_snapshot_annotations = truediscard_unpacked_layers = falseignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = falseno_pivot = falsesnapshotter = "overlayfs"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]BinaryName = ""CriuImagePath = ""CriuPath = ""CriuWorkPath = ""IoGid = 0IoUid = 0NoNewKeyring = falseNoPivotRoot = falseRoot = ""ShimCgroup = ""SystemdCgroup = true[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]key_model = "node"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]config_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]tls_cert_file = ""tls_key_file = ""[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]path = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data"[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]interval = "10s"[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"][plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]content_sharing_policy = "shared"[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]no_prometheus = false[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]no_shim = falseruntime = "runc"runtime_root = ""shim = "containerd-shim"shim_debug = false[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]platforms = ["linux/amd64"]sched_core = false[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]default = ["walking"][plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]rdt_config_file = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]async_remove = falsebase_image_size = ""discard_blocks = falsefs_options = ""fs_type = ""pool_name = ""root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]mount_options = []root_path = ""sync_remove = falseupperdir_label = false[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"][proxy_plugins][stream_processors][stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]path = "ctd-decoder"returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]path = "ctd-decoder"returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"[timeouts]"io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s""io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"[ttrpc]address = ""gid = 0uid = 0

启动 containerd

nohup /approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/containerd --config config/containerd.toml &> /approot/docker-27.2.0/logs/containerd.log &
echo $! > /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd.pid

启动 docker

准备配置文件

{"data-root": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data","containerd": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock","default-address-pools": [{"base": "172.20.0.0/16","size": 24}],"hosts": [{"unix": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock"}],"experimental": true,"init-path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker-init","log-driver": "json-file","log-format": "json","log-level": "","log-opts": {"max-file": "5","max-size": "100m"},"pidfile": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.pid","runtimes": {"runc": {"path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/runc"}},"userland-proxy-path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker-proxy"
}

启动 docker

nohup /approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/dockerd --config-file /approot/docker-27.2.0/config/daemon.json &> /approot/docker-27.2.0/logs/docker.log &

环境验证

首先用系统自带的 containerd 来拉取镜像

ctr image pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9

查看拉取的镜像信息

ctr image ls

正常情况下，会有类似如下的返回

REF                                                           TYPE                                                      DIGEST                                                                  SIZE      PLATFORMS                                                                    LABELS 
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json sha256:7031c1b283388d2c2e09b57badb803c05ebed362dc88d84b480cc47f72a21097 314.0 KiB linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x,windows/amd64 -

查看独立安装的 containerd 是否能看到镜像

• 通过 --address 来指定 sock 文件，正常情况下是看不到有镜像的

ctr --address /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock image ls

使用 docker 命令来查看，正常情况下，也是看不到有镜像的

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock image ls

使用 docker 命令尝试镜像构建，下面简单准备一个 dockerfile

FROM docker.m.daocloud.io/alpine:3.20ENV LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
ENV LANGUAGE="en_US:en"
ENV LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"RUN echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.20/main" > /etc/apk/repositories && \echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.20/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories && \apk add --no-cache --update --verbose vim jq net-tools && \rm -rf /var/cache/apk /tmp /sbin/halt /sbin/poweroff /sbin/reboot

构建镜像

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock build -t base-image-1.0:alpine-3.20 .

启动 docker 容器验证，一切都正常

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock run -d  -p 8080:80 docker.m.daocloud.io/openresty/openresty:latest

停止 docker 和 containerd

docker

kill $(cat /approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.pid)
kill $(cat /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd.pid)