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input {#输入插件
}filter {#过滤插件
}output {#输出插件
} 
1.读取文件。
  使用filewatch的ruby gem库来监听文件变化,并通过.sincedb的数据库文件记录被监听日志we年的读取进度(时间
 搓)
 。sincedb数据文件的默认路径为<path.data>/plugins/inputs/file下面,文件名类似
 于.sincedb_234534534sdfgsfd23,<path.data>为logstash的插件存储目录默认是LOGSTASH_HOME/data实验一:本机/var/log/secure为输入日志,标准输出
vi /usr/local/logstash/2logstash-1.confinput {file {path => ["/var/log/messages"],[]type => "ly_system"start_position => "beginning"       
#从beginning也就是文件开头进行读取,如果不写,默认是从文件最后开始读取。                                #如果不想把文件全部作为输入,就不配置此属性。}
}output {stdout {codec => rubydebug}
} 
 1.保存10.10.10.74 f-kafka-logs-es.conf的配置信息
[root@localhost logstash]# cat f-kafka-logs-es.conf
input {kafka {bootstrap_servers => "10.10.10.71:9092,10.10.10.72:9092,10.10.10.73:9092"topics => ["osmessages"]}
}
output {elasticsearch {hosts => ["10.10.10.65:9200","10.10.10.66:9200","10.10.10.67:9200"]index => "osmessageslog-%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"}
} 
2.停止logstash服务
  kill -9 13508 
 3.使用2logstash-1.conf作为配置文件启动logstash
 nohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/2logstash-1.conf &4.查看
tail -f nohup.out{"type" => "ly_system","path" => "/var/log/secure","@version" => "1","host" => "localhost.localdomain","message" => "Aug 31 08:43:56 localhost sshd[6920]: Accepted password for root from
172.16.17.234 port 1909 ssh2","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T00:52:13.054Z
} 
实验二:input插件添加域和标签
[root@localhost logstash]# cat 2logstash-1.conf
input {file {path => ["/var/log/secure"]type => "ly_system"start_position => "beginning"add_field => {"I'm " => "10.10.10.74"}tags => ["74","logstash1"] 
 #从beginning也就是文件开头进行读取,如果不写,默认是从文件最后开始读取。
 #如果不想把文件全部作为输入,就不配置此属性。
  }
}
output {stdout {codec => rubydebug}
} 
***************************
 add_field => {"I'm " => "10.10.10.74"}  添加一个新的域,自己定义的。
 tags => ["74","logstash1"]  tags是内置的域,可以用来定义标签。
 ***************************
 输出结果
{"@version" => "1","host" => "localhost.localdomain","I'm " => "10.10.10.74","path" => "/var/log/secure","message" => "Aug 31 09:03:33 localhost sshd[14339]: Accepted password for root from
172.16.17.234 port 2684 ssh2","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T01:03:53.586Z,"type" => "ly_system","tags" => [[0] "74",[1] "logstash1"]
} 
实验三:input读取syslog日志。
 需要完成2个步骤的操作,
 1,vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
 *.* @@10.10.10.74:5514       #10.10.10.74本机logstash服务器的IP地址,这个配置时使用rsyslog客户端把本机
 的日志信息传输到10.10.10.74服务器的5514端口上去。
 2.重启rsyslog
 systemctl restart rsyslog
logstash配置文件如下:需要先启动,启动后会开启5514端口,用来侦听。
[root@localhost logstash]# cat rsyslog-logstash.conf
input {syslog {port => "5514"}
}
output {stdout {codec => rubydebug}
}
[root@localhost logstash]# 
查看日志
tail -f nohup.out[2023-08-31T09:51:20,356][INFO ][logstash.inputs.syslog   ][main]
[1ac4f1a43da057380f8444a587ee7cb01fe84a0702afb9d46abc9667eeb0ea0c] Starting syslog tcp listener
{:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514"}
[2023-08-31T09:51:20,390][INFO ][logstash.inputs.syslog   ][main]
[1ac4f1a43da057380f8444a587ee7cb01fe84a0702afb9d46abc9667eeb0ea0c] Starting syslog udp listener
{:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514"} 
日志源服务器 10.10.10.56 启动rsyslog客户端
 1,vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
 *.* @@10.10.10.74:5514       #10.10.10.74本机logstash服务器的IP地址,这个配置时使用rsyslog客户端把本机
 的日志信息传输到10.10.10.74服务器的5514端口上去。
 2.重启rsyslog
systemctl restart rsyslog[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog[root@node1 ~]# service status rsyslog
The service command supports only basic LSB actions (start, stop, restart, try-restart, reload, force-
reload, status). For other actions, please try to use systemctl.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status rsyslog
● rsyslog.service - System Logging ServiceLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2023-08-31 10:00:47 CST; 31s ago 
logstash信息输出
{"facility_label" => "system","@version" => "1","timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:02:01","facility" => 3,"host" => "10.10.10.56","logsource" => "node1","priority" => 30,"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:02:01.000Z,"severity" => 6,"severity_label" => "Informational","message" => "Removed slice User Slice of liuyang.\n","program" => "systemd"
}
{"facility_label" => "security/authorization","@version" => "1","timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:02:01","facility" => 10,"host" => "10.10.10.56","logsource" => "node1","priority" => 87,"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:02:01.000Z,"severity" => 7,"severity_label" => "Debug","pid" => "17805","message" => "pam_limits(crond:session): unknown limit item 'noproc'\n","program" => "crond" 
通过上面的日志输入,发现logstash把接收到的日志进行了详细的划分。会把日志中的时间,主机名,程序,具体信
 息拆分成多个字段进行存储。
 "timestamp" 为源日志的时间
 "@timestamp" 为logstash抓取日志的时间,与上面的时间差了8个小时,这个是时区的配置问题。
**********************************************实验四:读取tcp网络数据
 下面的时间配置文件是通过“LogStash::Inputs::TCP”和"LogStash::Filters::Grok"相配合实现实验三rsyslog功能
 的日志读取
[root@localhost logstash]# cat tcp-logstash.conf
input {tcp {port => "5514"}
}filter {grok {match => {"message" => "%{SYSLOGLINE}"}}
}output {stdout {codec => rubydebug}
} 
 [root@l
 启动logstash服务
  nohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/tcp-logstash.conf &
 查看日志
 [2023-08-31T10:08:39,596][INFO ][logstash.inputs.tcp      ][main]
 [e17c63be3a5b12883f975a9f5eaf27f19639714f6267583b2142379ed6c8f22a] Starting tcp input listener
 {:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514", :ss                          l_enable=>"false"}
5514端口已启动
客户端同样适用rsyslog,同上一样的配置
logstash 日志查询
{"port" => 58526,"message" => [[0] "<30>Aug 31 10:17:01 node1 systemd: Started Session 351785 of user liuyang.",[1] "Started Session 351785 of user liuyang."],"program" => "systemd","logsource" => "node1","host" => "10.10.10.56","timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:17:01","@version" => "1","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:10:24.759Z
}
{"port" => 58526,"message" => [[0] "<85>Aug 31 10:17:04 node1 polkitd[1172]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-
process:20549:1866610077 (system bus name :1.703886 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback],
object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)",[1] "Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:20549:1866610077 (system bus name
:1.703886 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback], object path
/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)"],"program" => "polkitd","logsource" => "node1","pid" => "1172","host" => "10.10.10.56","timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:17:04","@version" => "1","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:10:26.949Z
} 
 我们可以看出【0】是完整的信息输出
 【1】是经过拆分的,如pid 、logsource、 时间、port都进行拆分出来了 
 tcp方式和rsyslog类似。
 ******************************************************
 实验五 适用nc 的方式将日志导入到logstash
客户端(日志源)10.10.10.56 
 服务器(logstash)10.10.10.74服务器logstash配置方法如实验四
[root@localhost logstash]# cat tcp-logstash.conf
input {tcp {port => "5514"}
}filter {grok {match => {"message" => "%{SYSLOGLINE}"}}
}output {stdout {codec => rubydebug}
} 
客户端命令行窗口输入:
  nc 10.10.10.74 5514 </var/log/messages
在logstash上查看日志
{"port" => 59322,"message" => [[0] "Aug 27 12:34:57 node1 supervisord: 2023-08-27 12:34:57,594 INFO supervisord started with
pid 4760",[1] "2023-08-27 12:34:57,594 INFO supervisord started with pid 4760"],"program" => "supervisord","logsource" => "node1","host" => "10.10.10.56","timestamp" => "Aug 27 12:34:57","@version" => "1","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:16:27.986Z
}
{"port" => 59322,"message" => [[0] "Aug 27 12:34:58 node1 supervisord",[1] "supervisord"],"logsource" => "node1","host" => "10.10.10.56","timestamp" => "Aug 27 12:34:58","@version" => "1","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:16:27.992Z
} 
 完成实验。
 实验六  编码插件codec
 此插件可以放到输入和输出时来处理数据
 input -> decode -->  filter --> decode --->output  decode就是使用codec进行编码
 codec支持plain 、json、json_lines等格式。
 1.codec插件之plain
  plain是一个空解释器,输入什么格式,输出就是什么格式
[root@localhost logstash]# vi codec1-logstash.log
input {stdin { }
}output {stdout {codec => "plain"
#前面的测试我们都使用rubydebug编码,此编码会以json的格式进行输出}
} 
 [root@localhost logstash]# vi codec1-logstash.log
 [root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/codec1-logstash.log 
 此处不能用nohup,否则抓取不到
hello             #我用键盘输入的,下面的信息是logstash的输出。
2023-08-31T02:28:31.068Z localhost.localdomain hello
nihao
2023-08-31T02:28:37.572Z localhost.localdomain nihao
仅增加了2个字段一个是时间戳,一个是主机名 
和以前使用rubydebug的日志来对比一下
hello #我用键盘输入的,下面的信息是logstash的输出。
{"message" => "hello","@version" => "1","host" => "localhost.localdomain","@timestamp" => 2023-08-29T02:22:53.965Z
} 
2.codec插件之json
 发送给logstash的数据如果是json格式的,那必须在input字段加入codec=> json来解析进来的数据,
 如果想让logstash输出为json的格式,可以在output字段加入codec=>json,
[root@localhost logstash]# vi codec2-logstash.log
input {stdin { }
}output {stdout {codec => "json"   #以json的格式 输出}
} 
 json模式就是key:values格式
 3.codec插件之json_lines
 若果json文件比较长,需要换行的话,就会使用json_lines编码格式。
 实验七  过滤器插件filter
 1.grok正则捕获
 grok是一个强大的filter插件,通过正则解析任意文本文件,将非结构化的数据弄成结构化的数据,方便查询。
https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/grok-patterns
 GROK的模式参考及示例
grok的语法规则
 %{语法:语义}
 语法指的就是匹配模式,例如使用number模式可以匹配数字,ip模式会匹配出127.0.0.1样式的IP地址
例如1.输入内容为:172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
 那么,%{IP:clientip} IP就是语法,要匹配IP地址,  clientip为内容
 匹配的结果为clientip:172.16.213.132
例如2:
 %{HTTPDATE:timestamp}结果为07/feb/2018:16:24 +800
 例如3:
 %{QS:referrer}匹配的结果
 GET / HTTP/ 1.1
以上IP\ Httpdate 、QS都是grok内部定义好的模式,
 /usr/local/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns
 [root@localhost patterns]# ls
 aws     bind  exim       grok-patterns  httpd  junos         maven        mcollective-patterns  nagios  
     rails  ruby
 bacula  bro   firewalls  haproxy        java   linux-syslog  mcollective  mongodb              
 postgresql  redis  squid
 [
 这个目录下,有很多匹配模式,我们可以直接拿来应用,其中grok-patterns使我们使用的基础匹配模式
vi grok-patterns
 显示一小段内容如下:
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-
5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0
-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d))
{3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|
1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]
{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1
-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-
5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:
[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-
4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-
4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])
[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4}) 
grok在线调试工具,
 网址:grokdebug.herokuapp.com 可能需要翻墙
 https://www.5axxw.com/tools/v2/grok.html
 以上两个都不好使
 自己在docker上搭建一个
 10.10.10.56上安装了docker
 docker pull epurs/grokdebugger:latest
 docker images
 docker run -d --name grokdebugger -p 8082:80 epurs/grokdebugger
 http://10.10.10.56:8082
input输入日志
 pattern为模式
[root@localhost logstash]# vi grok1-logstash.log
input {stdin { }
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:clientip}"]}
}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"   }
} 
 [root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok1-logstash.log
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039        #输入
{输出为:"clientip" => "172.16.213.132","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T07:36:18.564Z,"@version" => "1","message" => "172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","host" => "localhost.localdomain" 
 测试2:
 [root@localhost logstash]# vi grok2-logstash.log
input {stdin { }
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]}
}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"   }
} 
 输出为:
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{"host" => "localhost.localdomain","timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800","refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"","nu" => "403","@version" => "1","message" => "172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T07:46:51.778Z,"bytes1" => "5039","client-ip" => "172.16.213.132" 
 我们已将看到message已经分成5部分了,原有的message可以去掉了,系统中存在连个timestamp,其实@timestamp也
 不需要了,这个时间是收集日志的时间。而kibana使用@timestamp这个字段来排序。我们可以将timestamp的值付给
 @timestamp
[root@localhost logstash]# vi grok-delete-logstash.log
input {stdin {}
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]remove_field => ["message"]}date {match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]}mutate {remove_field => ["timestamp1"]}}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"}
} 
输出结果
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:16:31.119Z,"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"","nu" => "403","host" => "localhost.localdomain","client-ip" => "172.16.213.132","tags" => [[0] "_dateparsefailure"],"bytes1" => "5039","@version" => "1" 
以上使用了grok、date、mutate插件
时间处理模式 DATE
 date插件 就是将值以什么格式赋值给@timestamp
 date {
     match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
    }
将timestamp1按照后边dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z的格式赋值给@timestamp
数据修改插件  mutate
 1.正则表达式替换匹配字段
  gsub可以通过正则表达式替换字段中匹配到的值,只对字符串段有效,例子
 filter {
   mutate {
     gsub => ["filed_name_1","/","_"]
 #表示将field_name_1属性的字段中所有"/"字符替换成"_"
   }
 }
 实例:[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-mutate-logstash.log                                       input {
  stdin {}
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]}date {match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]}mutate {gsub => ["message","/","_"]}}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"}
} 
/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok-mutate-logstash.log
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"","tags" => [[0] "_dateparsefailure"],"client-ip" => "172.16.213.132","bytes1" => "5039","message" => "172.16.213.132 [07_Feb_2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET _ HTTP_ 1.1\" 403 5039","@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:35:00.815Z,"@version" => "1","host" => "localhost.localdomain","nu" => "403","timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800"
} 
 看到"/"都替换成了"_"
2.分隔字符串为数组
 split用分隔符分隔字符串为数组
filter {mutate {split => ["filed_name_2","|"]
#表示将field_name_1属性的字段中所有"/"字符替换成"_"}
} 
172.16.213.132|[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]|"GET / HTTP/ 1.1"|403|5039
 实例:
[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-mutate2-logstash.log
input {stdin {}
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]}date {match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]}mutate {split => ["message","|"]}}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"}
} 
 结果:
/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok-mutate2-logstash.log172.16.213.132|[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]|"GET / HTTP/ 1.1"|403|5039
{"message" => [[0] "172.16.213.132",[1] "[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]",[2] "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",[3] "403",[4] "5039"],"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:39:17.562Z,"host" => "localhost.localdomain","@version" => "1","tags" => [[0] "_grokparsefailure"]
} 
 我们发现message的信息分成了5部分,以后调用以数组的形式调用
3.重命名字段rename
 mutate {
     rename => {"message","message_new"}
   }
 }
 实例略
4.删除字段remove_field
mutate {
     remove_field => ["message"]
   }
 }
综合实例:
  mutate {
     rename => {"nu","number"}
     gsub => ["refer","/","_"]
     remove_field => ["timestamp1"]
     split => ["client-ip","."]
     }
 重命名  替换  删除 分隔都可以写在一起。
Geoip地址查询归类
 geoIP是免费的ip地址归类查询库,可以通过IP地址提供对应的地域信息,包括国别,省市,经纬度等,此插件对可视
 化地图和区域统计非常有用。
 filter {
   geoip {
     source => "ip_field"
 # ip_field字段是输出ip地址的一个字段
  }
 }
 实例:
 logstash配置[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-geoip.log
input {stdin {}
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]}date {match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]}geoip {source => "client-ip"}
}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"}
} 
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
 114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
 输出结果:
202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{"timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800","bytes1" => "5039","geoip" => {"latitude" => 45.75,"region_name" => "Heilongjiang","country_code2" => "CN","country_name" => "China","longitude" => 126.65,"location" => {"lon" => 126.65,"lat" => 45.75},"country_code3" => "CN","region_code" => "HL","continent_code" => "AS","ip" => "202.97.224.68","timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai"},"message" => "202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","@timestamp" => 2023-09-01T01:27:01.443Z,"client-ip" => "202.97.224.68","refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"","nu" => "403","@version" => "1","host" => "localhost.localdomain","tags" => [[0] "_dateparsefailure"]
} 
longitude latitude 经纬度
以上信息有些多,想精简一些
精简geoip信息
 geoip {
   source => "client-ip"
   fields => ["ip","country_code3","longitude","latitude","region_name"]
 #仅将需要保留的域显示出来
   }[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-geoip2.log
input {stdin {}
}filter {grok {match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]}date {match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]}geoip {source => "client-ip"fields => ["ip","country_code3","longitude","latitude","region_name"]}
}output {stdout {codec => "rubydebug"}
} 
输出结果:
202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{"nu" => "403","@timestamp" => 2023-09-01T01:30:39.227Z,"@version" => "1","tags" => [[0] "_dateparsefailure"],"geoip" => {"ip" => "202.97.224.68","country_code3" => "CN","latitude" => 45.75,"region_name" => "Heilongjiang","longitude" => 126.65},"message" => "202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","client-ip" => "202.97.224.68","host" => "localhost.localdomain","refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"","timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800","bytes1" => "5039"
} 
logstash的输出插件output
file  将数据写入磁盘文件
 elasticsearch :把日志数据发送到es集群
 graphite:用于存储和绘制数据指标
 还支持输出到redis,email,exec,ngios等等
1.标准输出
output {
   stdout {
     codec => "rubydebug"
   }
 }
 2.保存到文件
output {
   file {
     path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"
   }
 }
例子:
 [root@localhost logstash]# cat file-log.log
input {stdin {}
}
output {file {path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"}
} 
 /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/file-log.log
 标准输入信息后
 114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039
 asdfasdf
/data/log3/2023-09-01/下文件内容:
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# cat localhost.localdomain_01.log
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-01T01:57:05.295Z","message":"114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET /
HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"}
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# tail -f localhost.localdomain_01.log
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-01T01:57:05.295Z","message":"114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET /
HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"}
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-
01T01:57:53.440Z","message":"asdfasdf","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"} 
我们发现输出的内容会在输入的内容上加了一些信息,如@timestamp @version host等属性
 如果要让输入和输出一样。我们需要使用codec来格式编码
logstash配置
 [root@localhost logstash]# cat file2-log.log
input {stdin {}
}
output {file {path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"codec => line { format => "%{message}"}}
} 
 [root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/file2-log.log
 标准输入
 adfasdfasdf
 ELK大规模日志实时处理系统从入门到企业应用实战视频课程
查看输出:
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# tail -f localhost.localdomain_02.log
 adfasdfasdf
 ELK大规模日志实时处理系统从入门到企业应用实战视频课程
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# pwd
 /data/log3/2023-09-01
 [root@localhost 2023-09-01]#
输出与输入一致了。
 八  ELK手机apache访问日志的案例
 elk收集日子的几种方法
 1.不修改源日志的输出格式,而是通过logstash的grok方式进行过滤、清晰,然后输出
   优点,对业务系统无影响,缺点是logstash可能会有瓶颈。
 2.修改源日志的输出格式,按要求的格式改变源日志格式进行输出,logstash仅收集和传输。
   优点:减轻了logstash的压力,但是需要一定的工作量去处理源日志格式。
elk收集apache日志应用架构
apache(filebeat)  --   kafka(zookeeper) --  logstash  --  ES集群
 使用第二种方式,用改变源日志输出格式来处理。
