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爬虫案例—根据四大名著书名抓取并存储为文本文件

诗词名句网：https://www.shicimingju.com

目标：输入四大名著的书名，抓取名著的全部内容，包括书名，作者，年代及各章节内容

诗词名句网主页如下图：

今天的案例是抓取古籍板块下的四大名著，如下图：

案例源码如下：

import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import randomheaders = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36', }# 获取响应页面,并返回实例化soup
def get_soup(html_url):res = requests.get(html_url, headers=headers)res.encoding = res.apparent_encodinghtml = res.content.decode()soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')return soup# 返回名著的书名及对应的网址字典
def get_book_url(page_url):book_url_dic = {}soup = get_soup(page_url)div_tag = soup.find(class_="card booknark_card")title_lst = div_tag.ul.find_all(name='li')for title in title_lst:book_url_dic[title.a.text.strip('《》')] = 'https://www.shicimingju.com' + title.a['href']return book_url_dic# 输出每一章节内容
def get_chapter_content(chapter_url):chapter_content_lst = []chapter_soup = get_soup(chapter_url)div_chapter = chapter_soup.find(class_='card bookmark-list')chapter_content = div_chapter.find_all('p')for p_content in chapter_content:chapter_content_lst.append(p_content.text)time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))return chapter_content_lst# 主程序
if __name__ == '__main__':# 古籍板块链接gj_url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com/book'url_dic = get_book_url(gj_url)mz_name = input('请输入四大名著名称： ')mz_url = url_dic[mz_name]soup = get_soup(mz_url)abbr_tag = soup.find(class_="card bookmark-list")book_name = abbr_tag.h1.textf = open(f'{book_name}.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8')f.write('书名：'+book_name+'\n')print('名著名称：', book_name, end='\n')p_lst = abbr_tag.find_all('p')for p in p_lst:f.write(p.text+'\n')mulu_lst = soup.find_all(class_="book-mulu")book_ul = mulu_lst[0].ulbook_li = book_ul.find_all(name='li')for bl in book_li:print('\t\t', bl.text)chapter_url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com' + bl.a['href']f.write(bl.text+'\n')f.write(''.join(get_chapter_content(chapter_url))+'\n')f.close()