个人网站免费模板,游戏网站推广,企聚网站建设,网站上线倒计时html5模板目标堆栈规划是一种简单高效的人工智能规划算法#xff0c;用于解决复合目标问题。它的工作原理是**将总体目标分解为更小的子目标#xff0c;然后以向后的顺序逐一解决它们。
让我们考虑一个简单的例子来说明目标堆栈规划。想象一下你想要烤一个蛋糕#xff0c;目标是准备…目标堆栈规划是一种简单高效的人工智能规划算法用于解决复合目标问题。它的工作原理是**将总体目标分解为更小的子目标然后以向后的顺序逐一解决它们。
让我们考虑一个简单的例子来说明目标堆栈规划。想象一下你想要烤一个蛋糕目标是准备一个美味的蛋糕。为了实现这个目标您需要执行子目标例如准备面糊、预热烤箱、烘烤蛋糕和装饰。 准备面糊 预热烤箱 烤蛋糕 装饰蛋糕
这些子目标中的每一个都可能需要进一步分解为更细粒度的行动。例如准备面糊可能涉及收集原料、混合它们以及将面糊倒入烤盘等步骤。这些步骤将继续分解为更简单的操作直到我们达到每个操作都可以直接执行的级别。
再想象一下水槽里有一堆脏盘子。您的总体目标是拥有一个干净的厨房。使用目标堆栈规划您将
将主要目标“清洁厨房”推入堆栈。将主要目标分解为子目标例如“洗碗”、“擦干碗”和“把碗收起来”。按照需要完成的顺序将这些子目标推入堆栈先清洗后干燥等。将最上面的子目标从堆栈中弹出并专注于实现它例如洗碗。实现子目标后将其从堆栈中弹出并继续下一个目标擦干盘子。重复步骤 4-5直到实现所有子目标并达到主要目标“清洁厨房”。
规划过程通常涉及以下步骤
目标分解将初始目标分解为子目标。这种分解一直持续到达到原始动作为止。堆栈操作堆栈用于管理目标和子目标。当需要实现目标时将目标压入堆栈当实现目标或需要关注计划的不同分支时将目标从堆栈中弹出。计划执行系统执行行动以实现目标。当每个子目标实现时相应的目标就会从堆栈中弹出。回溯如果系统遇到障碍或无法实现子目标它可能会回溯到之前的状态并尝试替代计划。
目标堆栈规划在实现目标的顺序很重要并且目标可以分层分解的领域特别有用。它提供了一种模仿人类解决问题策略的结构化规划方法。
目标堆栈规划的优点 简单易懂将目标分解为更小的步骤的基本概念直观且易于掌握。 对某些问题有效对于具有明确定义和有序子目标的问题目标堆栈规划可以是寻找解决方案的非常有效的方法。 灵活可以通过调整目标分解方式来适应不同类型的问题。
目标堆栈规划的缺点
不适用于所有问题对于具有复杂或相互依赖的子目标的问题可能会变得低效或不切实际。可能找不到最佳解决方案专注于按特定顺序实现目标这可能并不总能带来最有效或最佳的解决方案。有限的规划期限最适合具有明确目标的短期规划。
Java代码
import java.util.Stack; class Goal { String description; Goal(String description) { this.description description; } } public class GoalStackPlanning { public static void main(String[] args) { Stack goalStack new Stack(); // Define the high-level goal Goal initialGoal new Goal(Have a delicious cake ready) // Push the high-level goal onto the stack goalStack.push(initialGoal); // Start planning while (!goalStack.isEmpty()) { Goal currentGoal goalStack.pop(); System.out.println(Current Goal: currentGoal.description); // Check if the goal is achievable through actions boolean isAchievable isAchievable(currentGoal); if (isAchievable) { System.out.println(Goal achieved: currentGoal.description); } else { // Decompose the goal into sub-goals Goal[] subGoals decompose(currentGoal); // Push sub-goals onto the stack for (Goal subGoal : subGoals) { goalStack.push(subGoal); } } } } // Function to check if a goal is achievable through actions static boolean isAchievable(Goal goal) { // 在实际执行过程中我们会对照一系列规则和条件 // 以确定目标是否可以直接实现。 // 为简单起见我们假设所有目标都可以直接实现。 return true; } // Function to decompose a goal into sub-goals static Goal[] decompose(Goal goal) { // 在实际执行中我们会定义分解规则将 // 目标分解为多个子目标。 // 目标分解成子目标。 // 为了简单起见我们将暂时返回一个空数组。 return new Goal[0]; } }
在这个示例中我们有一个 Goal 类来表示每个目标还有一个 Stack 来维护目标堆栈。GoalStackPlanning 类中的主循环会从堆栈中弹出目标并检查它们是否可实现。如果目标可实现则打印出目标已实现。否则它会将目标分解为多个子目标为简单起见分解规则未执行。
由于高级目标是可实现的因此程序无需进行任何分解就能直接实现该目标。
实现目标分解 现在为了让程序更有用让我们来实现目标分解规则。我们将修改 decompose 函数把高层目标分解为子目标。
import java.util.Stack; class Goal { String description; Goal(String description) { this.description description; } } public class GoalStackPlanning { public static void main(String[] args) { Stack goalStack new Stack(); // Define the high-level goal Goal initialGoal new Goal(Have a delicious cake ready); // Push the high-level goal onto the stack goalStack.push(initialGoal); // Start planning while (!goalStack.isEmpty()) { Goal currentGoal goalStack.pop(); System.out.println(Current Goal: currentGoal.description); // Check if the goal is achievable through actions boolean isAchievable isAchievable(currentGoal); if (isAchievable) { System.out.println(Goal achieved: currentGoal.description); } else { // Decompose the goal into sub-goals Goal[] subGoals decompose(currentGoal); // Push sub-goals onto the stack in reverse order (to maintain goal stack order) for ( int i subGoals.length - 1; i 0; i--) { goalStack.push(subGoals[i]); } } } } // Function to check if a goal is achievable through actions static boolean isAchievable(Goal goal) { // 在实际执行过程中我们会对照一系列规则和条件 // 以确定目标是否可以直接实现。 // 为简单起见我们假设所有目标都可以直接实现。 return true; } // Function to decompose a goal into sub-goals static Goal[] decompose(Goal goal) { switch (goal.description) { case Have a delicious cake ready: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Bake the cake), new Goal(Decorate the cake)}; case Bake the cake: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Preheat the oven), new Goal(Put the batter in the oven)}; case Preheat the oven: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Set oven temperature), new Goal(Wait for preheating)}; case Decorate the cake: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Prepare icing), new Goal(Apply icing on the cake)}; case Prepare icing: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Mix sugar and butter), new Goal(Add food coloring)}; case Mix sugar and butter: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Get sugar), new Goal(Get butter)}; case Get sugar: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Find sugar in the pantry), new Goal(Take sugar from the shelf)}; case Get butter: return new Goal[]{ new Goal(Find butter in the fridge), new Goal(Take butter from the fridge)}; default: return new Goal[0]; // Empty array for unknown goals } } }
输出
Current Goal: Have a delicious cake ready Current Goal: Decorate the cake Current Goal: Apply icing on the cake Goal achieved: Apply icing on the cake Current Goal: Prepare icing Current Goal: Add food coloring Goal achieved: Add food coloring Current Goal: Mix sugar and butter Current Goal: Get butter Current Goal: Find butter in the fridge Goal achieved: Find butter in the fridge Current Goal: Take butter from the fridge Goal achieved: Take butter from the fridge Goal achieved: Get butter Current Goal: Get sugar Current Goal: Find sugar in the pantry Goal achieved: Find sugar in the pantry Current Goal: Take sugar from the shelf Goal achieved: Take sugar from the shelf Goal achieved: Get sugar Goal achieved: Mix sugar and butter Goal achieved: Prepare icing Goal achieved: Decorate the cake Current Goal: Bake the cake Current Goal: Put the batter in the oven Current Goal: Prepare the batter Current Goal: Mix the ingredients Current Goal: Add sugar Goal achieved: Add sugar Current Goal: Mix flour and eggs Goal achieved: Mix flour and eggs Goal achieved: Mix the ingredients Goal achieved: Prepare the batter Current Goal: Preheat the oven Current Goal: Wait for preheating Goal achieved: Wait for preheating Current Goal: Set oven temperature Goal achieved: Set oven temperature Goal achieved: Preheat the oven Goal achieved: Bake the cake Goal achieved: Have a delicious cake ready
从输出结果中我们可以看到程序成功地将高层目标分解为多个子目标并实现了每个子目标最终实现了 准备好美味蛋糕 这一高层目标。
使用fork-join实现目标规划 使用 Java Fork-Join 实现目标堆栈规划需要定义一个规划器该规划器可以并行和并发的方式处理目标和操作的执行。
下面是一个简化示例说明如何使用 Java Fork-Join 构建基本的目标堆栈规划器。该示例假定有一个包含子目标和操作的单一目标。
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask; import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
class Goal { String description; List subgoalsOrActions; Goal(String description, List subgoalsOrActions) { this.description description; this.subgoalsOrActions subgoalsOrActions; } } class GoalStackPlanner extends RecursiveTask { Goal goal; GoalStackPlanner(Goal goal) { this.goal goal; } Override protected Void compute() { if (goal.subgoalsOrActions.isEmpty()) { executeAction(goal); } else { ListRecursiveTask subtasks new ArrayList(); for (Object subgoalOrAction : goal.subgoalsOrActions) { if (subgoalOrAction instanceof Goal) { Goal subgoal (Goal) subgoalOrAction; subtasks.add( new GoalStackPlanner(subgoal).fork()); } else if (subgoalOrAction instanceof Action) { Action action (Action) subgoalOrAction; subtasks.add( new ActionTask(action).fork()); } } for (RecursiveTask subtask : subtasks) { subtask.join(); } } return null; } private void executeAction(Goal goal) { System.out.println(Executing action for goal: goal.description); } } class Action { String description; Action(String description) { this.description description; } void execute() { System.out.println(Executing action: description); } } class ActionTask extends RecursiveTask { private Action action; ActionTask(Action action) { this.action action; } Override protected Void compute() { action.execute(); return null; } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { List subgoalsOrActions new ArrayList(); subgoalsOrActions.add(new Goal(Subgoal 1, List.of(new Action(Action 1)))); subgoalsOrActions.add(new Action(Action 2)); Goal topGoal new Goal(Top-level goal, subgoalsOrActions); ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(new GoalStackPlanner(topGoal)); } } 在本例中GoalStackPlanner 类扩展了 RecursiveTask 其计算方法负责处理目标和操作的执行。ActionTask 类用于并行执行单个操作。main 方法创建一个顶级目标并使用 Fork-Join 框架调用 GoalStackPlanner。 这是一个简化的示例在现实世界中您需要实现更复杂的目标分解、处理状态、错误恢复并可能根据应用程序的具体情况引入额外的并发控制机制。 Python代码实现 Python 中的目标堆栈规划Goal Stack Planning涉及实现一个系统在这个系统中目标被分解成子目标和操作然后执行这些子目标和操作来实现总体目标。下面是 Python 中的一个简单示例用于说明目标堆栈规划器的基本结构 class Goal: def __init__(self, description, subgoals_or_actionsNone): self.description description self.subgoals_or_actions subgoals_or_actions or [] class Action: def __init__(self, description): self.description description def execute(self): print(Executing action:, self.description) class GoalStackPlanner: def __init__(self): self.stack [] def execute_goal(self, goal): print(Executing goal:, goal.description) for subgoal_or_action in goal.subgoals_or_actions: if isinstance(subgoal_or_action, Goal): self.stack.append(subgoal_or_action) elif isinstance(subgoal_or_action, Action): subgoal_or_action.execute() def plan(self, top_level_goal): self.stack.append(top_level_goal) while self.stack: current_goal self.stack.pop() self.execute_goal(current_goal) # Example usage if __name__ __main__: action1 Action(Action 1) action2 Action(Action 2) subgoal1 Goal(Subgoal 1, [action1]) subgoal2 Goal(Subgoal 2, [action2]) top_level_goal Goal(Top-level goal, [subgoal1, subgoal2]) planner GoalStackPlanner() planner.plan(top_level_goal) 在这个示例中 Goal 类代表一个目标包含一个描述和一个子目标或操作列表。操作类代表一个操作带有说明和执行方法。GoalStackPlanner 类有一个 plan 方法该方法接收顶层目标并使用目标堆栈执行该目标。execute_goal方法负责通过将子目标推送到堆栈或直接执行动作来执行目标。 请记住这只是一个简化的示例在实际应用中您可能需要根据应用程序的具体要求实施更高级的目标分解、状态处理和错误恢复机制。 https://www.jdon.com/71094.html
