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9. DashBoard

之前在kubernetes中完成的所有操作都是通过命令行工具kubectl完成的。其实，为了提供更丰富的用户体验，kubernetes还开发了一个基于web的用户界面（Dashboard）。用户可以使用Dashboard部署容器化的应用，还可以监控应用的状态，执行故障排查以及管理kubernetes中各种资源。

9.1 部署Dashboard

1. 下载yaml，并运行Dashboard

# 下载yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir dashboard
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd dashboard/
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# ls
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# ls
recommended.yaml# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:type: NodePort  # 新增ports:- port: 443targetPort: 8443nodePort: 30009  # 新增selector:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard# 部署
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# pwd
/root/dashboard
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME                   STATUS   AGE
default                Active   27d
kube-flannel           Active   27d
kube-node-lease        Active   27d
kube-public            Active   27d
kube-system            Active   27d
kubernetes-dashboard   Active   53s  # 创建了namespace# 查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-srlqd   1/1     Running   0          83s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-78f87ddfc-mmxpt         1/1     Running   0          83sNAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.110.144.31   <none>        8000/TCP        83s
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.106.32.91    <none>        443:30009/TCP   83s

2）创建访问账户，获取token

[root@k8s-master ~]# cd dashboard/
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# vi serviceaccount-admin-user.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: admin-user       # 创建账号namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding   # 授权
metadata:name: admin-user   
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: admin-usernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f serviceaccount-admin-user.yaml 
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created# 获取账号token
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJ2OGY3aGtNYkR0ZEZBZi1PZHBpNTU0TUF4TXV6RW5CanE4U3RUa2xYNjgifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzA0Njg3ODAyLCJpYXQiOjE3MDQ2ODQyMDIsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyIiwidWlkIjoiNDY4YWE0OGEtZmI3NC00MGE5LWI3YTAtM2I2ZTIyNDJhZGUwIn19LCJuYmYiOjE3MDQ2ODQyMDIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZDphZG1pbi11c2VyIn0.Va4LcUxpaLMKzS_ItOqrHjnEin8iu0q1vGY831StGXmDCM-MuF4YBt2V1dpSitkbLSUsYZNVzpvCLmIgdPstBdPV7jW0VMwffwIsPI_8MVuUc6vnJP2_soqMyS_ZxVkb3gogSGAL6QzAcbPpXirIbHHtLutQnLSfXOa9j_Lpu85ANJFXEFV0kwSLI_DC9dlYu8-pQmPC8e706kjUGfVDnHGg-KmnvV9cuNHxFoe06uUd9IcSJdGIKpx7wZu--O0IAQ6Cq_MRS8enYf6jN83OJ2xiD33KZQ9YCrpUCQFNMGX7diK4Wbx5s1aFZiPSs8hfeDXMzRT24jQYyp6FTzYgMw
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# 

3）通过浏览器访问Dashboard的UI

在登录页面上输入上面的token

出现下面的页面代表成功

9.2 使用DashBoard

本章节以Deployment为例演示DashBoard的使用

查看

选择指定的命名空间dev，然后点击Deployments，查看dev空间下的所有deployment

扩缩容

在Deployment上点击规模，然后指定目标副本数量，点击确定

编辑

在Deployment上点击编辑，然后修改yaml文件，点击确定

查看Pod

点击Pods, 查看pods列表

操作Pod

选中某个Pod，可以对其执行日志（logs）、进入执行（exec）、编辑、删除操作

Dashboard提供了kubectl的绝大部分功能，这里不再 一 一 演示